Abstract
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In the article it is considered the definition of whistle-blowing. It is explored the system of professional ethics of public servants. It is picked out the factors that ensure the observance of professional ethics in public service. It is concluded that the mechanism of whistle-blowing is an integral part, as a professional ethics of public servants, and effective public service system.
1. In countries with a modern civil service, along with an extensive system of legal regulation of its activity a large role is played by self-regulatory mechanisms, including professional ethics. Ethical regulators are extremely important. Firstly, they have for an object to maintain the high prestige of the state machinery and the state in whole. Secondly, in the public service to a considerable degree efficiency depends on the level of motivation of civil servants, their commitment to ethical values. Last, but not the least, it does not implement an effective anti-corruption policies without these regulators - in particular, a significant aspect of corruption prevention, as whistle-blowing , based on the willingness of civil servants to report information concerning violations of the proper official conduct. Whistle-blowing shall be described as:
• insider disclosure of what is perceived to be evidence;
• illegal conduct or other serious risks;
• out of or in relation to an organization’s activities including the work related activities of its staff.
The process of whistle-blowing includes the dynamic interaction of mainly three parties: the whistleblower, state machinery and other stakeholders.
Their relationship is not linear but could best be depicted by three partly overlapping spheres. Similarly there are three objects to which the subjects relate each in a specific manner, depending on their role and the approach chosen. These objects can be defined as:
• the information,
• the disclosure,
• the consequences.
2. The system of professional ethics is a complex organizational and managerial mechanisms and regulatory acts aimed at supporting high standards of professional ethics, and reduce the risk of unethical behavior. Although the feasibility of various components of the system varies greatly from country to country, in general, it is characterized by the following elements:
1. Regulations:
• Behavior Code,
• Criminal offenses,
• Protection of Whistleblower,
• Openness and access to information.
2. Management:
• Remuneration for professional ethics,
• Engagement strategy.
3. Control:
• Anonymous communication and noticed violations of performance and ethics,
• Supervision and evaluation.
4. Enforcement:
• Prosecution.
3. Key factors to ensure the observance of professional ethics in public service:
1. Political commitment to integrity.
2. Effective legal framework.
3. Efficient accountability mechanisms.
4. Workable codes of conduct.
5. Professional socialization of staff.
6. Supportive public service conditions.
7. An ethics coordinating body.
8. An active society.
4. In conclusion it can say that strict rules of professional ethics, based on specified ethical values, can prevent many cases of violation of official conduct and corruption. By-turn the ethical values and laws should be based on the mechanism of whistle-blowing. Moral values are the cultural foundation of professional ethics of civil servants and an important condition for organizational effectiveness, which ensured by the presence of an effective whistle-blowing mechanism.
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