Abstract
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Construction and strengthening of the democratic state with the advanced and active civil society for Kyrgyzstan is a key problem of our time. In this connection, achievement of an object in view demands not only precise positioning on the part of authority and a society supported in a life by concrete measures and affairs of constructive character, but also, first of all, the adequate and verified approaches and directions of the further development, from which choice, if not completely in many respects, efficiency of already started democratic processes, productivity of actions and, as a whole depends, the future destiny of the state and people.
Today the situation demands the greater reality, purposefulness and выборочности actions as directly concerns ethnic development of the Kyrgyz Republic without which maintenance hardly it is possible to plan seriously the future steps in view of the declared purposes and problems. Thus, certainly, development of basic and further actions in the given direction should be under construction on a scientific basis, in view of available practices, support and expansion of constructive public initiatives, in interaction of the state and a society. And, that is very important, in a format of public discussions with development of educational programs, both for Higher educational Institutions, and for comprehensive schools, in view of representations and the positions working in a field of interests of all ethnic groups, representing people and a civil society of Kyrgyzstan.
Even the superficial analysis of world {global} practice concerning the ethnoconstructions spent for the various states, shows, that ignoring of the policultural factor, excessive aspiration to leveling ethnic features, and also actions, admitted on the part of authority of assimilative character, sharply raise risks of social intensity and interethnic conflicts, cause the centers of a pressure {voltage} causing "chain" reaction of protest moods and mass actions. So, for example, in France with a significant part an interdiction on carrying of female scarfs (the attribute of Islamism at women) in public places has caused citizens of the Arabian origin living there rough reaction at a part of a society and has caused the international reaction.
How there was this process in Kyrgyzstan? At the end of 80th years rough growth of consciousness of ethnic groups was showed in creation of the organizations of the - national - cultural centers (NCC).
At an initial stage of becoming NCC had some difficulties, first of all, organizational - legal character which frequently arose because of the alert attitude{relation} of authorities to establishing of such structures. In spite of the fact that charters NCC included the decision of problems {tasks} of only cultural and educational character, such as: preservation and development of the native language, transfer of experience and traditions to young generation, studying of a history of the ethnos and an establishment of communication {connection} with the historical native land, their registration at times took long-termed circulation on instances. The decision of many questions, important and significant for NCC, has been complicated and is sometimes inaccessible, when eleven NCC, have addressed to first President of KR A.Akaev with the offer to create the uniform organization, to unite them
This idea has been supported, and in 1994 during the First Kurultay (meeting) of Kyrgyz people has been based in accordance to the common decision of the Assembly of people of Kyrgyzstan (APK). In fact, creation of АPK became a first step and the first "sign" certificate a realization of the state ethnic policy {politics} which are carried out in КR under the slogan « Kyrgyzstan - our general {common} house », and also the first operational experience with ethnosphere.
The new step has been made by Assembly of peoples of Kyrgyzstan on January, 30 2004г during the IV Kurultay of people of Kyrgyzstan when such important document as « Bases of the concept of ethnic development КР » was accepted. This step allowed to articulate necessity of the coordination of the state and public interests, preservation of unity and integrity, expediency of preservation and development of cultural variety in public space.
The assembly of people of Kyrgyzstan was one of the main working subjects of ethnosphere, frequently acting as the pioneer and the innovator in ethnoconstruction, and each step of АPК was verified by a disposition of all forces and ethnic groups of the country. It is developing structure which has been working, expanding sphere of the activity. Today, in accordance with certain problem of preservation of cultural features, purposes АPК are: preservation of the world, the civil consent and interethnic interaction that assumes work in all spheres of life - cultural, scientific - educational, social, legal and international.
Having the status of advisory - consultative Advice {Council} at the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, АPК has worked out the Strategy of development of the Ethnic society and the Program of its realization.
The basic directions of Strategy of development:
1. Forming of a spiritual - cultural generality by integration of ethnoses at a rod role of the Kyrgyz culture.
2. Forming of the balanced policy of a harmonious combination of civil and ethnic identity, assistance to introduction of policultural education.
3. Creation and development of new forms and mechanisms of interaction at all levels and in all spheres.
4. Creation of informational-communicative system of interaction ES АPК with all subjects of ethnosphere.
5. Creation of conditions for development of a system by human resources and preparation of the ethnic staff.
6. Creation of providing system for stability of development ES and АPК.
7. Optimization of control system ES and АPК.
Certainly, the main direction is an education in the field of ethnic relations, which consists in defining a necessary knowledge, to develop such stereotypes, system of the general cultural wealth, traditions which would allow to consolidate a multiethnic society in Kyrgyzstan. For the ethnic groups living in Kyrgyzstan it is important to keep, on the one hand, the national identity, but also to join the certain ideas, values, elements of outlook, culture and consciousness of the title nation, and also to enrich this ethnocultural space with the own cultural wealth.
Feature of ethnocultural and communicative space of region of the country is defined with three basic ethnic elements - Kyrgyzes, Russians and Uzbeks. These peoples are united with 70 years history. Uzbeks and Kyrgyzes have similar religion, traditions, closely related languages and cultures.
In ethnocultural space of all peoples of Kyrgyzstan a lot of valuable is presented, it would be shared with neighbors or, on the contrary, be adopted for own benefits. A transition period problems in the supply, accessible transport, public health services, social security, school and high school education are the same to all peoples of Kyrgyzstan. According to researches, the southern region of the country are densely occupied, taking place in area of Fergana valley, now Kyrgyzes and Uzbeks make about 96 % of the population of the south of Kyrgyzstan. In turn, the Russian-speaking population (in the Osh area) is less than 2 %. Mass migration has led to a situation, when many rural villages began to get monoethnic character with prevalence of the Kyrgyz population.
The general religious knowledge and belief of the majority of peoples of Kyrgyzstan (an Islam, communism) have established centuries-old experience of tolerant attitudes{relations} which render beneficial influence on formation of ethnocultural space and a condition of interethnic trust in region.
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