Paper/Speech Details of Conference Program for the 14th NISPAcee Annual Conference Program Overview VIII. Working Group on Degree Programmes of Public Admin... Author(s) Frits Van Den Berg Patom utrecht Netherlands Title What every public sector specialist should know about state reform File Paper files are available only for conference participants, please login first. Presenter Abstract Most Europian countries are more or less involved in processes of reform.However in the education of PA specialists competences for understanding and influencing reform processes are not often mentioned. On base of his experiences with reform in more then 5 Europian countries the author will analyse the different levels in reform processes and will make a connection with more general change theories for complex systems. He will argue that neither planned change nor change management are adequate for understanding and influencing reform processes in complex and turbulent environments . Instead he will describe intervention approaches. The results of the analysis will be used to to specify some competences of PA specialists