EAPAA

European Association for Public Administration Accreditation

List of Instructors & Detailed Plan:

1. Barbara Kudrycka - Professor of Administrative law and public administration, School of Public Administration, Bialystok, School of Public Administration & School of Law, Bialystok University, Poland

2. Marek Debicki - Professor of Law and Public Policy, Manitoba University, Canada

3. Marta Rekawek, the teaching assistant on ethics in governance in the Bialystok School of PA , Poland

4. Patricia Suway , the teaching assistant on ethics in governance in the Bialystok School of PA , Poland

Detailed Plan

DAY 2

Date: 20 of August 2001- MONDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 11.00

Topic(s):

Introduction to the program

Presentation of personal achievements

Instructor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki, Marta Rękawek, Patrycja Suwaj

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Discussion: As to the needs and expectations of the participants. The objective of each individual designing throughout this program an ethics curriculum consisting of at least one course (combined with some form of tutorials) and 3 two day workshops will be explained in considerable detail. Instructors will be available at specific times for individual consultations.

Required reading:

Supplementary reading:

Assignments:Familiarization with the staff and participants. Participants will provide us with the specifics of their jobs and teaching duties

Break

Afternoon Session

Time: 12.00 – 14.00

Topic(s):CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY – INSTITUTIONAL AND

ETHICAL VALUES

Liberalism, skepticism and democracy

The ethics of human rights

The ethics of information age

Globalization of public administration and ethical values.

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:lecture

Introduction by the instructors. Followed by the participants providing a list of the components of the term constitutional democracy in their legal and cultural setting. (Participants will be thought on method of organizing this type of forum. Overheads, blackboard, power point). This will be followed by a round table discussion as to the utilization of such principles in developing analysis of the problems of `analyzing globalization and global information systems through the filter of particular cultural and constitutional values. Participants will concentrate on the best ways in presenting to their students such concepts and analysis. We will all search for concrete examples as educational tools.

Required reading:

· ”The Ethics of Well- Being Political Implications” in: Joseph Raz, Ethics in the Public Domain, Essays in the Morality of Law and Politics, Clarendon Press-Oxford, 1994, p. 3 – 170

· Integrating Human Rights with Sustainable Human Development, UNDP, January 1998, pp. 4-45

· J.Fuller, New Values. Ideas for an Information Age, University of Chicago Press 1996, pp. 3-69

Supplementary reading:

· Sir William Wade, Constitutional Fundamentals, London Stevenns & Sons 1989

· M. Novak, Morality, Capitalism and Democracy, London The IEA Health and Welfare Unit 1990,

· J. Gray, The Moral Foundations of Market Institutions, The IEA Health and Welfare Unit 1992

Assignments:Lecture tries to systematize the institutions and values of social constitutional state and free market state and combining these values compose a shopping list of basic values or basic attitudes. Basic values are explored also from Declaration of the 1993 UN World Conference on Human Rights and the 1986 UN Declaration on the Right to Development states

Break

14.00 – 16.00

16.00 – 18.00

Other activities

Institutional and ethical aspects of democracy in different countries Participants will make individual presentations about their country institutional and ethical values and discussion. Each presentation will have two presenters (preferably from different countries). The second participant will attempt to lead the questions and discussion of the presented institutional arrangements. Second part will be devoted to the participants attempting to provide an analysis of the institutions from an ethical perspective.

Moderator: Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

DAY 3

Date:21.08.2001 TUESDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 12.00

topic(s):UNDERSTANDING THE EXPECTATIONS OF INTEGRITY IN

PUBLIC LIFE IN EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Ethics in international relations

Ethics as an essential condition of party politics

Systematic reasons of unethical actions in central and eastern Europe

Building political program and implementation of ethics.

Instructor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Work in groups followed by a general session

Participant will be divided into smaller groups. Each group will design an ethics statement for specific type of a political party from neo conservative to the “ post communist “ ones. ( fe. A crucial issue for the post-communist parties is how to deal with the past).

Required reading:

· Etzioni, The New Golden Rule. Community and Morality in a Democratic Society, Basic Books, 1996

· Ethics and Politics, Robert Schumann Institute, 1997, pp. 34-37, 46-54

Supplementary reading:

· A.John Simmons, Moral Principles and Political Obligations, Princeton University Press, 1981,

· D.J.Galligan, R. H. Langan II, C.S. Nicandrou (ed.), Administrative Justice in the New European Democracies, COLPI, Center for Socio-Legal Studies University of Oxford 1998

Assignments:

This seminar is an attempt to understand and answer the modern questions about political obligation in CEE countries. The major part of this discussion will be devoted to the examination of a set of political principles proposed by Tacit, Locke, Burke ,Hart, Nozick, Rawls and compare them with modern set of values and political obligations in CEE countries. The main goal of that seminar is to find the participants support for new ways of building public trust to political life in CEE countries. Participant will be provided specific cases dealing with concrete situations creating political duties. Each group will provide “ solutions “ which will be than a subject of a general discussion. This will be followed by the instructors discussing the problems of teaching very abstract and complex problems using situational cases.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

topic(s):PROFESSIONAL ETHICS IN PUBLIC SERVICES

Applied ethics, morality and law

Introduction to ethics in an open society

The different perspectives of administrative ethics

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Interactive seminar, discussion

Participant will be asked to choose one of the following groups. Group number one will argue (on the basis of materials presented by instructors) that we don’t need specific codes of ethics for professional or occupational groups. The second group will argue the opposite position.

Required reading:

· Y. Willbern, Types and Levels of Public Morality, in: Ethical Inside, Ethical Action, E.K. Kellar, ICMA,1988, pp. 9- 22

· F.P. Sherwood, Professional Ethics, in: Ethical Inside, Ethical Action, E.K. Kellar, ICMA,1988, pp. 85-91

· H.F. Gortner, How Public Managers View Their Environment: Balancing Organisational Demands, Political Realities and Personal Values, in: J.S.Bowman, Ethical Frontiers in Public Management, 1991, pp. 92-115

Supplementary reading:

· M.D. Bayleys, Professional Ethics, Westminster Institute for Ethics and Human Values, Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belomnt 1981,

· B.A.Cigler, Public Administration and the Paradox of Profesionalization, in: Public Administration Review, November/December 1990

· D. F. Thompson, The possibility of administrative ethics, in: Ethical Inside, Ethical Action, E.K. Kellar, ICMA, 1988, pp. 29-42

Assignments:

The primary goal is to propose a method of teaching by forcing the participants to take two opposite positions which is good way of developing an in depth understanding of complex issues and having respect for people holding opposite views from our own. The seminar is an attempt to understand the theory of applied and professional ethics in public administration, their similarities and differences. The definition of administrative ethics will explore complexity of individual, professional, organizational and social/constitutional aspects of ethical values in the field of public administration.

Break

14.00 – 16.00

Other activities

16.00 – 18.00

Movie: “A Few Good Mans” with T, Crouise and J.Nicolson

18.00 – 19.00

Discussion, Moderator: Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

The round table discussion on personal versus organizational and constitutional values based on the movie; “A Few Good Man”.

DAY 4

Date : 22.08.2001 WEDNESDAY

Morning Session

Time:10.00 – 12.00

topic(s):ETHICS AS A PART OF AN ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE

New Public Management in the European Administration

Ethical Infrastructures and Demand for Quality and Effective Public

Sector

Theories of bureaucracy and administrative structures,

Power, rule and authority in public administration

instructor(s)Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Interactive seminar

Participants will be asked to provide an example of the structural and procedural tools of “ new public management “ in their administration.

Participants will be given a task of designing one of two policies: implementation plan for reduction of the personnel in their agency by 20%. (For the purpose of this exercise we assume that the labor law gives the managers freedom of choosing those to be “ downsized “ ) or designing a new policy treating inmates as “clients “ of the penitentiary authorities.

Required reading:

· J.V. Rillaer, New Public Management in the Flemish Administration, in: A. Hondeghem (ed.), Ethics and Accountability in the context of governance and new public management, EGPA Yearbook, IOS Press 1998,

· Ethical Infrastructure in Public Services, PUMA (2000) 2/ANN

Supplementary reading:

· J. Stewart, The New Management of Local Government, Allen&Unwin, 1986

· M.Holzer, K. Callahan, Government at Work, Best Practices and Model Programs, SAGE Publications 1998

· Hondeghem (ed.), Ethics and Accountability in the Context of Governance and New Public Management, EGPA Yearbook, IOS Press 1998,

· T.L. Cooper, The responsible administrator, An Approach to Ethics for the Administrative Role, Oxford, 1990

· B. Guy Peters, The Politics of Bureaucracy, Longman 1995

Assignments:

This seminar aims at investigation of the criteria of efficiency, effectiveness and economy as markers for government and compares them with new ethics initiatives. Reviewing ethics regimes based on the research of PUMA, OECD in order to understand the differences between several countries. Presentation of the ethical values for the government employees, their superiors and for customers of public services and differences in the relationships between various groups.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

topic(s)

Stages of ethical development of the government officials in different public services

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Discussion on case studies preparation and manner in which cases are used as an educational tool. Solving cases by participants of the workshops

Required reading:

· The five case studies prepared by trainers and five case studies prepared by participants

Supplementary reading:

· L. Kohlberg, The Philosophy of Moral Development, San Francisco 1981 J.Q.Wilson, Bureaucracy, What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do It, Basic Books 1989

· Ch. Hodginson, Towards a Philosophy of Administration, Oxford 1978

Assignments: That part of training should explore and investigate the actual understanding of the position and motivation of government employees in an initial sample from social work, higher education, public libraries, public health and municipal management. At the conclusion of that seminar participants will understand the link between democracy, law, government policy and employee behavior. They will understand also the consequences of poor ethical behavior in different public sectors

Break

14.00 – 16.00

Other activities

16.00 – 18.00

Movie “Truman” by Gary Sinise

Moderator: Barbara Kudrycka and Marek Debicki

Discussion of loyalty, responsibility and accountability of public servants

DAY 5

Date:23.08.2001 THURSDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 12.00

Topic(s):ETHICS AND POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS

Conflicts between roles and responsibilities of civil servants and politicians

New ethical and political dimensions for civil servants

Ethical powerlessness in relation to subordination.

Instruktor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka

Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Seminar and discussion

Participants will be divided into pairs. One person will be a politician from the governing attempting to extract from civil servants information on forthcoming policy on public procurement the other civil servant . Each pair will describe to the whole group the techniques used to extract the information and on the other hand the different tactics avoiding such breach of law without undue risk to ones career.

Required reading:

· Etzioni, A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations, New York 1961, PP. 7 – 21

· H.S.Chan, D.H. Rosenbloom, Legal Control of Public Administration: A Principal – Agent Perspective, in: International Review of Administrative Sciences, London 1994, V. 60, pp. 564-580

Supplementary reading

· J.S.Bowman, Ethical Issues for the Public Manager, in. E.K.Keller (ed.) Ethical Insight, Ethical Action, ICMA 1988, pp. 105-116

· K. Raes, Moral Powerlessness in Relations of Subordination. Moral Responsibility and Organizational Culture, in: A. Hondeghem (ed.), Ethics and Accountability in the Context of Governance and New Public Management, EGPA Yearbook, IOS Press 1998, pp. 197 – 207

Assignments:

The seminar explores increasingly disturbing relations between politicians and civil servants in the context of their different roles, functions, obligations and responsibilities with the focus on political neutrality of civil servants and the role of civil servants as the guardians of public good. Participants will provide a short description of such policies (if any) in their institutions. Further more a discussion will take place as to the relevance of such problems to educational institutions and settings.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

Marta Rękawek, Patrycja Suwaj

Topic(s):,

Responsibility and accountability of public servants

Loyalty of civil servants to politicians and its limits

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Solving cases by participants of the workshops. Participants will also concentrate on case studies as a teaching method. How to prepare cases? How to use cases in a teaching situation?

Required reading:

The five case studies prepared by trainers

Supplementary reading

A. Etzioni, The Spirit of Community, A Touchstone Book, 1993:

Assignments:

Solving case studies helps understand the limits of loyalty civil servants in front of unethical, illegal and unconstitutional orders directed to them by politicians. Relevance of the particular cases to the participants own bureacratic culture.

Break

14.00 – 16.00

Other activities

16.00 – 18.30

The movie “Stalin”

Discussion based on the movie “Stalin” on classical Marxism and totalitarian ethics.

Moderator: Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

DAY 6

Date: 24.08.2001 FRIDAY

Morning Session

Time:10.00 – 12.00

topic(s):HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND ETHICS IN PUBLIC

SECTOR

Equal employment guidelines in government

Employees’ right to professional development

Establishing standards of professionalism and ethos of public servants.

Instruktor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Interactive discussion

Participants will give short presentation on these problems in their countries. How to obtain relevant teaching materials. How to discuss such matters, which frequently are both controversial and meet with significant resistance.

Required reading:

· D.W.Steward, An Ethical Framework for Human Resource Decision Making, in: E.K.Keller (ed.) Ethical Insight, Ethical Action, ICMA 1988, pp. 65-76

· J.Kaser, M. Ross, Federal Equal Employment Guidelines, in: W.L. Richter, F.Burke, J.W.Doig, Combating Corruption, Encouraging Ethics, ASPA, 1990, pp. 141 – 146

Supplementary reading:

· K. Sisson, Personnel Management in Britain, , Basil Blackwell 1990
  • PUMA Work on Human Resource Management in: Managing in the Public Sector Service, A Survey of OECD Countries

Assignments:

The task of that seminar is to develop knowledge on the core personnel management functions of the line manager to select, develop and evaluate government employees. The seminar explores issues of employment security, collective bargaining, the merit principle, equal employment opportunity premise, competing claims and managerial response and ethical framework for human decision making. Discussion about ethos of professionalism in public service helps to understand the necessity of refreshing standards of professional behavior in the public services.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

topic(s):Unethical and illegal actions of public servants in their professional life.

Internal and external control of public financial resources

Whistle-Blowing in the Public Sector.

What constitutes unethical behavior

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Solving cases by participant of the workshops

Required reading:

· M. Bowens, Whistle blowing of Fraud in the Netherlands, Final Report Submitted to The European Commission, 1994

· D.Lewis, Whistleblowers and Job Security, in: The Modern Law Review, 1995, Vol 58, No 2, pp. 265 – 239

· L.M. Seagull, Whistleblowing and Corruption Control: The GE Case, in: Crime, Law & Social Change, 1995, No 22, pp. 385- 390

Supplementary reading:

· B.D.Brian, B.F. McNeil (ed.), Internal Corporate Investigations. Conducting Them, Protecting Them, ABA 1992

· N.Lewis, P. Birkinshaw, When Citizens Complain. Reforming Justice and Administration, Open University Press 1993

Assignments:

That seminar is devoted to explanation of possibilities of establishing and enforcing policies and procedures for internally reporting, investigating, assessing and acting on allegations of illegality, mismanagement, waste, or unethical behavior. How to teach public servants about such issues given the (so frequently) culture accepting unethical behavior as “ normal “.

Break

14.00 – 16.00

Other activities

16.00 – 18.00

Oxford debate:

Do we need whistle blowing to improve ethical governance in public sector

Moderator: Marta Rekawek, Patrycja Suwaj

DAY 7

Date: 25.08.2001 SATURDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 12.00

Topic(s):CORRUPTION AND ETHICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN PUBLIC

SECTOR

Political corruption in post-communist countries

Social and economical costs of corruption

Combating corruption to improve governance

Infrastructures of fraud control in state governments

Instruktor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Introduction by trainees and individual presentations by participants Participants will provide a short description of the most corrupt practices in their system and they will be asked to present The Ethics Action Plan. The purpose of this form is to guide and help individual participants plan activities, policies or procedures that public organization may need in order to develop and strengthen anticorruption practices . In the Ethics Action Plan participants should present they own ideas on the topics: - areas that need improvement, - leadership responsibility, - organizational values and norms, - specific steps and activities that public organization can perform to address areas of improvement. ). Individual presentations will be following by discussion of the most successful preventive anticorruption measures.

Required reading:

· Transparency International, Combating Corruption. Are lasting solutions emerging, Reports 1998, 1999, 2000

· World Bank Report on Corruption in Central Europe, 2000

· Public Sector Corruption, An International Survey of Prevention Measures, OECD 1999

· Fighting Corruption to Improve Governance, UNDP 1999

Supplementary reading:

· A.J.Heidenheimer, M. Johnstone, V.T.LeVine, Political Corruption, A Hanbook 1993

· Corruption in Western Democracies, International Social Science Journal, No. 149, September 1996

Assignments:

The task of this seminar is not only to show the level of corruption in post-communist countries, exploration of the problem of political corruption, economical corruption and in public services corruption, but also to present different anticorruption measures . Explaining the potentially most corruptive fields and sectors in public services (like privatization procedures, kickback contracts) participants will concentrate with creative complete portions of the Ethics Action Plan.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00 Marta Rękawek, Patrycja Suwaj

Topic(s):Conflict of interest

The fear and favor in public services

Graft, bribery and abuse of authority.

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Participant will be asked to discuss the relevance of such problems in educational settings. Different coping strategies will be designed and criticized by the participants.

Solving case studies by participants in groups workshops followed by the discussion of the cultural relevance of the chosen cases.

Required reading:

Five case studies prepared by trainers

Supplementary reading:

· W.L Riordon, Honest graft and dishonest graft, in W.L. Richter, F.Burke, J.W.Doig, Combating Corruption, Encouraging Ethics, ASPA, 1990

· ASPA Workbook: Conflict of Interest, in W.L. Richter, F.Burke, J.W.Doig, Combating Corruption, Encouraging Ethics, ASPA, 1990,

Assignments:

The case studies should show in which situation public servants deal with the conflict of interest, and explore different aspects of conflict interest, like bribery, nepotism, and abuse of authority or partisan activities.

Break

14.00 – 16.00

Other activities

16.00 - 18.00

Marta Rękawek, Patrycja Suwaj

Participants will discuss in their workshops different variants of organizational and legal instruments strengthening ethical management in their countries or public service institution and prepare projects of ethical infrastructures in their own place of employment. At the end a round table discussion will take place as to the most effective methods of teaching about ethics infrastructure and their utility for the organizations.

DAY 8

Date:27.08.2001 MONDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 12.00

Topic(s):OPENNES AND TRANSPARENCY IN PUBLIC SECTOR

Styles and strategies of managing openness and transparency in governance

Freedom of information legislation

Open communications and relations between public offices

The limits of openness of public governance

Lying, secrecy and confidentiality.

Instruktor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Interactive Oxford debate between two groups on the subjects: How to teach people to be more open. The role of managers as teachers of openness. How to increase openness in the relationships between students and teachers? How openness in different public services strengthens ethical behavior.

Required reading:

· S. Bok, Secrets. On the Ethics of Concealment and Revelation, Vintage Books, 1989, pp.12-137

Supplementary reading:

· B.Ginsberg, M.Shefter, Politics by Other Means, Politicians, Prosecutors and the Press from Watergate to Witewater, 1999

· S. Garment, Scandal. The Culture of Mistrust in American Politics, Random Hause 1991

· J.Salzman Let the World Know. Make Your Cause News, Rocky Montain Media Watch 1995

Assignments:

That seminar’s task is to argue that open and transparent management of public affairs can be a valuable alternative to the painful processes of whistle blowing, leaking and disciplinary or criminal sanctions for unethical behavior. However openness and transparency might also entail risks or difficulties. Seminar and the Oxford debate has to try to emphasize the benefits of using the transparent measures of public management and increase efforts among public employees to share information and clarify issues which will help minimize gossip and rumors in public sector.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

Topic(s): Lobbying and public servants

Public participation in governance

What public wants – surveys of public opinion

The role of the civil society in public interest protection.

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Following short lecture participants will be divided into two groups. The first group will argue that lobbying is a form of democratic participation. The other group will argue that lobbying is a form of corruption of democracy and primarily means to economical gain.

At the end we will try to look at the environment protection lobby.

Required reading:

· J.C.Thomas, Public Participation in Public Decisions. New Skills and Strategies for Public Managers, pp. 35-137

Supplementary reading:

· J.Caddy, J.Jabes, Improving Relations Between the Administration and the Public, NISPAcee 1999, pp15-79

· Participatory Local Governance, LIFE’s Method and Experience 1992 – 1997, UNDP 1997

Assignments:

This seminar will deal with the place of public participation in the decision making process, from large scale public activities, through smaller advisory committees to individuals contacting government agencies, and from participation in making major decisions to participation in every day delivery. The seminar is concerned with both normative structures and empirical observations of public participation. According to John Clayton Thomas trainers propose a contingency model – “Effective Decision Model of Public Involvement”.

Break

Other activities

16.00 – 18.00 Movie “All people of Mr. President”

The round table discussion based on the Watergate case of the different forms of lobbying, and public versus particular and private interest. Leaking and whistle blowing and its limits will be considered in that discussion.

Moderator: Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Debicki

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DAY 9

Date

28.08 2001 TUESDAY

Morning Session

Time:

10.00 – 12.00

Topic(s): ETHICS AND THE RULE OF LAW. CODES OF ETHICS

Controlling ethical practices through laws and rules

Understanding ethics in the state legislation

Moral judgment

The role of the codes of ethics

Instructor(s)

Barbara Kudrycka, Marek Dębicki

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

Interactive seminar. Participants will be asked to provide several (most important) ethical principles, which should be a foundation of such policies and codes and individually work on a document that captures a jurisdiction’s set of rules defining good and bad behavior in particular situations .

Required reading:

· C.M. Kerwin, Rulemaking. How Government Agencies Write Law and Make Policy, CQ Press 1999, pp. 40 – 157

Supplementary reading:

· D. Lyons, Ethics and the rule of law, Cambridge University Press 1993

· J. Q. Wilson, Moral Judgment, Basic Books 1997

· B. Sells, The Soul of the Law. Understanding Lawyers and the Law, Element, 1994

Assignments:

This seminar will examine patterns among the state legislatures in terms of their adoption of comprehensive ethics legislation. In doing so, we construct several indices that measure the “strength” or comprehensiveness of coverage of a state’s ethics legislation and examine the differences that exists between states not only in the focus of their ethics legislation, but also in their political culture of rulemaking. At the end we will return to the principles designed by the participants. At the conclusion of that seminar participants will be able to distinguish between legal and ethical issues.

Break

12.00 – 12.15

Afternoon Session

Time:

12.15 – 14.00

Topic(s): THE ETHICAL DECISION – MAKING PROCESS AND

CONSEQUENCES MATRIX TO ANALYZE AND RESOLVE ETHICAL

DILEMMAS

The art of making ethical decisions

Strategy of making ethical choice

Criteria of using discretionary powers

Format (lecture, discussion, other) describe:

The interactive seminar is devoted to strengthens participants ability to face ethical dilemmas and make appropriate decisions. First the trainees present the consequences matrix to analyze and resolve ethical dilemmas of public official, next participants will individually work on the ethical decision-making process based on the proper understanding the issues and determining the options and consequences of their choices.

Required reading:

· S. S. Steinberg, D.T. Austern, Government, Ethics and Managers, A Guide to Solving Ethical Dilemmas in the Public Sector, Quorum Books 1990, pp. 105 – 155

· N.L.Lewis, Choice and the Legal Order. Rising above Politics, Butterworths 1996, pp. 3-126

Supplementary reading:

· D.J. Galligan, Discretionary Pawers. A Legal Study of Official Discretion, Clarendon Paperbacks, Oxford, 1992

· K. Hawkins, The Uses of Discretion, Clarendon Paperbacks, Oxford, 1994

· K. Greenawalt, Law and Objectivity, Oxford University Press, 1992

Assignments:

The goal of that seminar is to explore how to make ethical decisions through strategies, procedures and social tools. Inspired solutions to real public life dilemmas we do not provide pat answers, but encourages participants in

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